Research Methodology And The Execution Of Slr - 1978 Words

2. Research Method This section provides an overview research method i.e. systematic literature review (SLR) used in thesis research; it describes the research methodology, the design and the execution of SLR. 2.1 Overview of Systematic Literature Review This section of chapter was to thoroughly define and go through systematic literature review research method. 2.1.1 Definition Kitchenham and Charters (2007) proposed that systematic literature review has been a widespread research methodology since 1990s, but it was initiated by medical research where number of well documented standards has evidently showed its use. While, since the year 2004, systematic reviews are also performed by many software engineering researchers and number of important engineering conferences also seek submissions in this research category. In addition to this many popular journals and magazines have distinct section for papers, which are also based on this research methodology. (Kitchenham Charters, 2007) According to Kitchenham, A systematic literature review (often referred to as a systematic review) is a means of identifying, evaluating and interpreting all available research relevant to a particular research question, or topic area, or phenomenon of interest (p.8). The fundamental study of the systematic literature review is known as primary studies, and the systematic literature itself is known as a form of secondary study. 2.1.2 Adopting the Systematic Literature Review ThereShow MoreRelatedThe Global Environment, Differentiation, Low Cost Leadership, And Responsiveness2238 Words   |  9 Pagescompanies. 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this report is to understand, evaluate and provide constructive recommendation in order to reduce tier suppliers to an Automotive Industry. 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The Effect Of The Great War On The Middle East - 2163 Words

The Sykes-Picot Agreement, or more commonly known as the Asia Minor Agreement, is one of the most pivotal events in the history of the Middle East that would alter the very structure of the region. It continues to negatively impact the countries that were involved due to the decisions made when it was signed and immediately after. The main purpose of the agreement was the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after it was defeated in World War One . The Middle East region did offer many advantages to the Western powers for economic benefits, trading routes and commerce . The Great War was a major turning point for many regions across the European theatre but especially in the Middle East, the war signalled the end of the Ottoman Empire, a†¦show more content†¦The French representative was Francois-Georges Picot, a professional diplomat with extensive experience in the Middle Eastern region. The Middle East offered a vast number of opportunities to the Western countries in par ticular Britain’s interest in the provinces was focused on the protection of its routes to India. Securing cheap accessible oil for the British Empire’s needs and maintaining the balance of power in the Mediterranean to its own advantage and protecting financial issues were also their interests in the region. France aimed to preserved its centuries old ties with the Syrian Catholics, gain a strategic and economic base in the eastern Mediterranean, guarantee a cheap supply flow of cotton and silk and prevent Arab nationalism from infecting the French north African empire . All of these goals from both the British and the French were never going to be successful. With the help of Imperial Russia, the Western representatives divided up the region into specific French and British administrated areas referring as zones and areas. From 1920 onwards, the British and the French formalised the control these territories by the League of Nations Mandate system, and France was assigned the Mandate of Syria which gave control over modern Lebanon and the port of Alexandretta .The ‘Blue Zone’ was the area expanding from the coastal strip of Syria, Lebanon and the

Organizational Developement Free Essays

This is a very important concept in effective consulting because hen we are aware of our involvement in the organization, it’s allows the consultant to see in which level are the people, how can we do to improve certain things, how they use to work. It’s allows the consultant to find a solution to some problems. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Developement or any similar topic only for you Order Now If people are smart, why do they need to learn how to learn? What does Argyles mean by that? By that Arises means that even If people are very smart they need to learn how to learn. In the text Arises said that:† They rarely experience failure† and since they are almost always successful, they don’t know how to handle failure the day when it’s arrive. This Is call â€Å"single loop learning’. He also explains that people don’t see that they can Improve their learning by use the concept call â€Å"Double loop learning†. This concept speak about how to allow us to think about how and why a person acting. 3. What is the difference between process and content? What is your comfort as a consultant working on the process level? On the content level? How strong are your process skills? How do you know? What are your â€Å"content† specialty areas? I. E. , where could you, as a consultant, add content value In organizational decision making? ) And should you? A process can be define as Sequence of interdependent and linked procedures which, at every stage, consume one or more resources (employee, time, energy, machines, money) to convert inputs (data, material, parts, etc. ) into outputs. These outputs then serve as inputs for the next stage until a known goal or end result Is reached. A concept can be defined as something which must be done a purpose to accomplish; this Is what composes the process. I think I would be stronger on the process level. I know that because I’m the member of a Hip Hop band that I have created, and I know that when we have something to do for example a music to perform or to record, I know exactly what to do and what I need to say in order that the other members of the band did what they have to do, I think that regarding to my study my content specialty area will be the marketing and the management part 4. How could/would a successful change agent apply Chain’s model to his/her work? But there was a lot of people this year so they couldn’t allow everybody to participate and all the persons who were in internship like me had not the right to go to this special day. * Egocentric dilemma: In one of my last internship I was working with a manager who was really egocentric and all the time when I try to propose him some news things he was changing my proposition with one of him and say to me it was because he has more experience than me. How to cite Organizational Developement, Papers

Case Study of Nursing Ethics And Law Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Nursing Ethics And Law. Answer: Introduction Ethics refers to the moral principles, morals and values that are set to guide and govern a certain specific group of people (Shafer-Landau, 2014). A law is a system or rules and regulations that are created by society or group leaders (e.g. government) and are officially enforced to the people to govern and regulate their behavior and actions. Therefore, in this case study I will be discussing the ethics and laws innursing but in reference to the information in the case study. The case study involves a registered nurse, Dr. Lin and three people, Sofie, Cindy and Joseph. Sofie is the immediate patient of Dr. Lin and RN Kiki while Joseph and Cindy are husband and daughter to Sofie respectively. Dr. Lin performs cosmetic operations to Sofie while RN Kikis responsibility is to attend to Sofie on a regular bases. In this essay, I will be discussing the ethical issues that any of the parties may have breached and the laws that they may have broken, especially DR. Lin when he insisted and decided to operate on Sofie even after the nurse discovered that her health was deteriorating which later caused the death of Sofie. Legal Issues Joseph and Cindy would sue Dr. Lin for negligence. Apparently, having known Sofie for many years, the doctor was already aware of her health condition, i.e. about her confusion status, the abnormal rise in her body temperature which indicated signs of urinary tract infection. However, when sofie decided to undergo abdominoplasty surgery and the day came, the doctor still went on to operate on her even after being told about her conditions further deterioration assuming that everything would be okay. The proof for this situation was clear when sofie showed her confusion rate during the day of the surgery. When she reached the hospital and was placed on the surgery bed, she asked Joseph and Cindy she was in the hospital that day which indicated that she never knew what she was doing. Also, Sofie failed to sign the consent forms to authorize the surgery before the surgery begun. The standard of proof needed in this case should be of high quality to be able to convince the court of the l aws that were broken due to the doctors negligence (Lostun et al, 2016 and Murthy, 2007) which later led to post-operative infection and sepsis that caused Sofies death. However, if Dr. Lin was to be reported, he would also require some defense evidence. The doctor would have provided the pre-operative consent form that was signed by Joseph, Sophies husband giving Dr. Lin permission to operate on her. Such a form was meant to show that Joseph was okay with the doctor operating on Sofie even with her current health condition. In such a situation the legal condition of the law states that a patients husband or wife is allowed to sign the consent forms in case the patient is not in a condition to do so on their own. In this case, Sofie had already slept on the surgery bed without signing the pre-operative consent form but the RN nurse noticed it before the actual surgery was began and asked Joseph the forms which he did. Therefore, if Dr. Lin is capable of providing the evidence, it will certainly be considered and argued that he followed the law. Every case has different possible outcomes according to a persons view of the situation (Svider et al, 2013). One of the outcomes that may arise is that, the law may rule in favor of Joseph and Cindy. The law can take into more consideration the fact that Dr. Lin is a well experienced surgeon and that he knows the law that govern his practice better than the patients or the patient relatives. Therefore, he must have known better about the effects and consequences of operating on Sofie with her current health condition and complications. Also, the law may consider that fact that a surgery operation begins exactly when a patients is given aesthetic to induce sleep during the surgery (Reilly et al, 2013). Therefore, the law can rule in favor of Cindy and Joseph by arguing that Dr. Lin had already begun the surgery before the preoperative consent forms were signed by either the patient or immediate relative/partner. On the other hand, the law can rule in favor of Dr. Lin by placing the b lame on Joseph who signed the consent forms while being aware of his wifes condition. Additionally, he was the one who brought her to the hospital to undergo the surgery. Therefore, he should have known that the probability of the operation increasing Sofies complications and deteriorating health would be higher if she underwent the surgery. Ethical Issues Principle of autonomy which states that every individual has the right to make his/her own choice (Shafe, 2014).in this case, Sofie had the right to make the choice of either to go on with the surgery or to wait until she felt better. Sofie exercised that right by choosing to go ahead with the surgery though she did not get the chance to sign the consent forms. Beneficence principle that says that every person should be in a position to act in the best interest of another (Beauchamp et al, 2009). The principle is applied to both the doctors, nurses, patients immediate relatives and partners encouraging them to be capable of making the right choices for the patients, i.e. that which will cause no harm to them but rather be beneficial. In this case, Joseph portrayed to have Sofies best interest in mind when he thought about waiting till Sofie was better to do the surgery. The RN Kiki also exercised this principle by being concerned about Sofies health condition and deterioration and advised Joseph to take her to a General Health practitioner. However, Dr. Lin did not show much of Sofies best interest when he insisted and decided to operate on Sofie even after realizing that her condition was worse on the operation date, i.e. she seemed more confused than before. This principles may raise some conflicts in the minds of the parties according to their positions and relationships with the patient. For instance, doctors have different reasons and methods of considering these two principles compared to the patients relatives and partners (Huxtable, 2013). In this case study, Joseph would be conflicted between protecting Sofie and her health by denying her from undergoing the surgery or make her happy and allow the surgery to be done (which is the decision that she made on her own) but put her health in danger. This would make him be conflicted from adhering to the autonomy or benefice principle (Christen et al, 2014). Additionally, the doctor would be conflicted to either go ahead with the operation after Sofie made the decision to go ahead with it, or not to operate by putting her health in arms way/danger. This means that he would be confused about which principle to adhere to, whether autonomy or benefice principle. According to Kerridge et al, 2013, the conflict or confusion experienced by the parties can be solved if all these parties are able to recognize and understand both ethical and legal implications that may arise as a result of their practice or decision. However, they should also be able to differentiate between the two aspects (ethics and law) that may cause those consequences. As for Joseph, he should be able to differentiate between being a husband a play his role or being just a supporter to Sophie. Which means that he should know and understand the consequences if he acted as a husband and kept her health and life a priority (law) or be her supporter and allow the surgery even with her condition (ethics). As for the doctor, he should be ready to point out the consequences of his negligence (Pandit et al, 2009 and Rao, 2009))(law) which could cause death and infection and the consequence of quality care and beneficence principle (ethics) which was to allow Sofie make the decision to go ahead with the operation even with her condition. By identifying, understanding and practicing all of these ethical and legal issues, the parties can be in a better position to make the right decision that adheres to both the ethical and legal principles in medicine andnursing (Stepanov et al, 2013). Conclusion Ethics and laws are basically a set of rules, regulations and principles that are meant to govern and direct the behavior and actions of a group of people. Their main aim is to ensure that all the group members behave evenly and if not, they are punished equally. The ethical and legal issues governing the medical world all revolve around ensuring the safety of a patients health. In the case study, the doctor should have though better about the consequence that may arise if he failed to practice any other ethics and laws that govern his practice. However, Joseph and Cindy should also have known about the possible effects of the surgery to Sofies health. The nurse should have insisted on taking Sofie to a GP doctor which would indicate her desire to provide quality and effective care to her patient. All these parties ended up assuming and ignoring many aspects which later led to Sofies health deterioration hence her death. References Christen, M., Ineichen, C., Tanner, C. (2014). How moral are the principles of biomedical ethics?a cross-domain evaluation of the common morality hypothesis.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 47. Huxtable, R. (2013). For and against the four principles of biomedical ethics.Clinical Ethics,8(2-3), 39-43. Kerridge, I.,and Stewart, C., (2013). Ethics and law for health professionals. Journal of Australia, Vol 99, No. 7. Lostun, A., Keresztesi, A., Hainarosie, R., Lostun, G. (2016). Medical Negligenceis There a Defined Pattern?.REVISTA DE CHIMIE,67(12), 2425-2428. Murthy, K. K. (2007). Medical negligence and the law.Indian J Med Ethics,4(3), 116-8. Pandit, M. S., Pandit, S. (2009). Medical negligence: Coverage of the profession, duties, ethics, case law, and enlightened defense-A legal perspective.Indian journal of urology: IJU: journal of the Urological Society of India,25(3), 372. Rao, S. J. (2009). Medical negligence liability under the consumer protection act: A review of judicial perspective.Indian journal of urology: IJU: journal of the Urological Society of India,25(3), 361. Reilly, B. K., Horn, G. M., Sewell, R. K. (2013). Hearing loss resulting in malpractice litigation: what physicians need to know.The Laryngoscope,123(1), 112-117. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Stepanov, N. A., Smith, M. K. (2013). Double standards in special medical research: questioning the discrepancy between requirements for medical research involving incompetent adults, and medical research involving children.Journal of law and medicine,21(1), 47-52. Svider, P. F., Keeley, B. R., Zumba, O., Mauro, A. C., Setzen, M., Eloy, J. A. (2013). From the operating room to the courtroom.The Laryngoscope,123(8), 1849-1853. Beauchamp, T. L.,Childress,J. F., (2009). Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press,- Medical - 417 pages.